“心理分析”一词源自希腊语“心理分析”（心理 - 灵魂，分析 - 调查）。心理分析是一种心理学理论，强调意识抑制的自然冲动的潜意识中的生存。该术语是指西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（Sigmund Freud）和约瑟夫·布鲁尔（Josef Breuer）的宣泄方法引起的一种心理疗法。精神分析围绕着无意识的探索。该临床检查基于患者的“自由关联”和心理分析家的“解释”。它以四种方式使用：作为人类思想如何工作的理论，作为精神问题的治疗技术，作为一种研究工具以及一种感知和理解文化和社会方面的方式，例如政治，文学，艺术，艺术，电影，动作，音乐。
精神分析的一种想法是，每个人都有只能在无意识的水平上找到的思想，感觉，欲望和记忆。人类情绪的净化称为宣泄。该短语来自希腊语（kátharsis），意为“净化”。在治疗方面，西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（Sigmund Freud）等作者回到了希腊宣泄的概念。
Catharsis
Catharsis is a method of directing a patient to unblock repressed memories or experiences in their unconscious, frequently associated with earlier traumatic events, in order for them to be able to talk about it and subsequently, they will resolve their intrinsic problems. Bringing material from the unconscious to the conscious can result in catharsis and assist people to identify their current challenges.
保护自己的信息bconscious, a person employs a number of protection mechanisms, and psychosocial traumas can be found between the two levels of the mind: the conscious and unconscious mind. Finally, a qualified analyst can help bring certain aspects of the subconscious into consciousness by employing a variety of psychoanalytic techniques such as dream analysis and free association.
精神分析的父亲是奥地利神经精神病学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（Sigmund Freud），也是1856年至1939年之间的心理心理分析学院的创造者。这所思想流派强调了无意识对人类行为的影响。
Despite his predecessors’ skepticism, Freud’s insights transformed the way psychologists viewed the human mind and behavior, leaving an influence on the profession. Academics and others still accept his views on sexuality, the unconscious mind, and dream symbolism.
According to Freud, psychoanalysis is not an objective scientific investigation, but rather a therapeutic act with the goal of changing behavior. He stressed the significance of the unconscious mind and its purpose to bring the things that are hidden in the unconscious to consciousness. According to Freudian theory, the unconscious is made up of distinct intellectual and emotional parts that stay repressed because they have a problematic meaning for the conscious mind.
换句话说，它们不会被隐藏，因为它们很困难或对一个人的日常生活影响很小。相反，一些心理分析家将压抑的部分称为相对简单的概念，这些概念可能被“翻译成”为现实。他还指出了一个事实，即根据弗洛伊德的经典心理分析理论：ID，自我和超级巨人。
These factors interact to create complex human behaviors. Furthermore, certain parts of a person’s personality are more fundamental and may put someone under pressure to act on his most basic desires. Other components of a person’s personality work against his impulses, forcing him to conform to reality’s expectations.
Dream Theory
One of Freud’s most important theories was the dream theory. Freud posits that dreams are a hallucinatory fulfillment of desires and, consequently, a privileged route of access to the unconscious, through the use of the interpretive method based on the free association of the most important symbols of the dream. The dream updates and elaborates on day residue memories, which are made up of recent past experiences, and connects them to unconscious wants, fears, and protective systems that may be traced back to infancy.
The dream is constructed in the style of a psychedelic sequence of visual, auditory, and – on rare occasions – other forms of sensory stimuli. The hallucinatory aspect of dreams results from a regressive process in which mental processes are converted into sensory experiences during sleep using accessible memory contents. (Freud 1900, pp. 425–430).[1]The material in the dream-thoughts influences all aspects of the dream’s content, culminating with a complicated interplay between the dream’s content and dream thought: Analysis reveals yet another side of the complicated relationship between the content of the dream and the dream-thoughts. Several dream components reflect a single dream thought, and these aspects cross and interweave each other multiple times throughout their journey: The whole of the dream content is derived from the dream thoughts, and almost all the dream-thoughts are represented in the dream content.[2]
Although the most obvious element in the manifest content of a dream is assumed to be the most important one, it may be argued that it is frequently a vague component that proves to be the most direct root of the monumental dream idea. He writes in his book On Dream(1901): In the course of the dream-work, the physical intensity passes over the thoughts and ideas to which it properly belongs on to others which in our judgmenthave no claim to any such emphasis.[3]
The Id, the Ego, and the Superego
西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（Sigmund Freud）将思想分为三个部分：意识，意识和无意识。[4]由西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（Sigmund Freud）开发的冰山隐喻是为了证明我们心理机制的存在或部分的存在，这些实例或部分无法在自愿和有意识的水平上立即访问：有意识的意识是冰山一角，而无意识的是冰是冰隐藏在海洋表面下。[5]
Each individual also contains psychological energy, which is organized into three primary personality structures: the id, the ego, and the superego. Each component, according to Sigmund Freud, contributes to personality in its own unique way, and all three aspects combine to form complex human activities. Certain characteristics of our personalities, according to this hypothesis, may urge us to act on our most primal wants. Other components of the personality may be able to counterbalance these impulses and bring them into line with the necessities of reality.
“ ID”的想法主要源自Sigmund Freud在心理分析领域的工作。根据弗洛伊德哲学，“ id”与自我和自我一起是人类心理的三个基本组成部分之一：超我、自我和id -these, then, are three realms, regions, provinces, into which we divide an individual’s mental apparatus, and with the mutual relations of which we shall be concerned in what follows.[6]
The Freudian model’s id is the component of the human mind associated with impulses and instinct. The organism’s basic natural needs, particularly sexual wants, lead it to seek pleasure. The ego is the center of logic, reality checking, and common sense, and it has a range of defense strategies capable of redirecting, inhibiting, or changing the manifestation of unrealistic or forbidden drive impulses:The ego is that portion of the id which was modified by the proximity and influence of the external world, which is adapted for the reception of stimuli and as a protective shield against stimuli.[7]
The superego is a distinction inside the ego that conveys the ego’s “ideal.” It emerges as a result of the Oedipal drama, in which the child adopts the power and grandeur of parental figures through identification.[8]The superego guides the mental machinery to strive for idealistic goals and perfection, whereas the id wants pleasure and the ego is led by the reality principle. It is a crucial moral and ethical censorship.
弗洛伊德认为这是大多数精神障碍和疾病的根源，超级戈戈舞与其他两个心理层次之间存在冲突。根据弗洛伊德的说法，强大的超我成功地管理了生物ID的冲动，而薄弱的超级甲壳虫则屈服了。此外，在两种情况下的内gui感数量都将分别更大和更低。
By balancing the opposing needs of the three aspects, a healthy personality may successfully build its biological, psychological, and social character. When the energy balance is not dispersed equally, it can cause intrapsychic conflicts and behavioral issues. If the Id seizes control and he gains it, the individual will start acting impulsively and will try to satisfy his desires as soon as possible.
A person who has a powerful and domineering ego is most likely calculated, analytical, and cold. One person with an extremely powerful superego, on the other hand, is prone to self-judgment, high standards, and a sense of inadequacy and self-criticism.
Sigmund Freud was without a doubt one of the twentieth century’s most influential intellectuals. His theory that our minds store memories and emotions in our subconscious altered people’s understanding of the human mind. Freud recognized that the study of the mind through psychoanalysis may give a complete understanding of culture and society. It is safe to assume that without Freud’s colossal, pioneering work, the present study of the mind, therapeutic practice, and the way ordinary people cope with themselves and others would be substantially different.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
- Freud, S. (1933). New Introductory Lectures On Psycho-Analysis. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XXII (1932-1936): New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis and Other Works, 1-182.
- Zeigler-Hill V., Shackelford T. K., Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences, Springer International Publishing AG, 2020
- 弗洛伊德，S。（1923）。自我和ID。The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XIX (1923- 1925): The Ego and the Id and Other Works, London, England: Hogarth Press, pp. 31-32
- 弗洛伊德，S。（1900）。梦想的解释。在：西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（Sigmund Freud）完整的心理作品的标准版中。（在詹姆斯·斯特拉奇（James Strachey）的一般编辑下，与安娜·弗洛伊德（Anna Freud）合作，由阿里克斯·斯特拉奇（Alix Strachey），艾伦·泰森（Alan Tyson）和安吉拉·理查兹（Angela Richards）的协助下翻译。（第4/5卷，1953年，第425-430页）。伦敦：霍加斯出版社和精神分析研究所
- Thornton SP., Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- Freud, S., The Essentials of Psychoanalysis, Vintage, 2008
- Grunbaum，A。（1984）。精神分析的基础：一种哲学批评。加利福尼亚州伯克利：加利福尼亚大学出版社
- Reppen, J. (Ed.) (1985). Beyond Freud: A study of modern psychoanalytic theorists. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Freud, S. (1901). On Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume V (1900-1901): The Interpretation of Dreams (Second Part) and On Dreams, 629-686
[1]弗洛伊德，S。（1900）。梦想的解释。在：西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（Sigmund Freud）完整的心理作品的标准版中。（在詹姆斯·斯特拉奇（James Strachey）的一般编辑下，与安娜·弗洛伊德（Anna Freud）合作，由阿里克斯·斯特拉奇（Alix Strachey），艾伦·泰森（Alan Tyson）和安吉拉·理查兹（Angela Richards）的协助下翻译。（第4/5卷，1953年，第425-430页）。伦敦：霍加斯出版社和精神分析研究所
[2]Freud, S. (1901). On Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume V (1900-1901): The Interpretation of Dreams (Second Part) and On Dreams, 629-686
[3]Freud, S. (1901). On Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume V (1900-1901): The Interpretation of Dreams (Second Part) and On Dreams, 629-686
[4]Zeigler-Hill V., Shackelford T. K., Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences, Springer International Publishing AG, 2020
[5]Thornton SP. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
[6]Freud, S., The Essentials of Psychoanalysis, Vintage, 2008
[7]Freud, S., The Essentials of Psychoanalysis, Vintage, 2008
[8]弗洛伊德，S。（1923）。自我和ID。Sigmund Freud的完整心理作品的标准版，第XIX卷（1923-1925）：自我与ID和其他作品，第31-32页
