詹姆斯乔斯，爱尔兰小说家和诗人，在都柏林附近长大。詹姆斯乔斯是20世纪最有影响力的小说家之一。在他的每一个散文作品中，他使用符号体验他所谓的“epiphany”，对自己的揭示品质的启示。他的早期作品揭示了1900年的爱尔兰和爱尔兰艺术家的个人情绪和人物和困境。后来的作品，揭示了一个男人在他所有的复杂性中作为艺术家和家庭方面。乔伊斯以其称为“意识流”的写作风格而闻名。使用这种技术，他忽略了普通句子结构，并试图重现人类思想的漫步。他的许多作品受到他作为艺术家的爱尔兰生活的影响。他受到他生命中的三个主要因素的影响，他的童年和父母，他的都柏林，爱尔兰和罗马天主教会的家园。这三个方面在他所有的作品上都会表现出来，而是特别是在死者，艺术家作为一个年轻人的肖像，阿拉伯。
James Joyce，于1882年2月2日出生于爱尔兰都柏林。他是第一个出生于玛丽·默里，约翰斯坦斯劳斯的十五个孩子
乔伊斯。他被命名为詹姆斯·奥古斯丁·阿洛伊修斯·乔伊斯。他的母亲是一个温和的女人，她有自己独到的见解，但从不表达出来。他的父亲是个暴力的、急性子的人，是个医科学生和政治家。他一生都在都柏林的耶稣会学校接受教育。1888年，他去了克龙格斯伍德学院，但他的父亲失去了工作，詹姆斯不得不退学。他于1902年10月毕业于皇家大学。自从他开始上学以来，他就被单词的声音和说话的节奏所吸引。耶稣会士训练他，一度希望他能加入他们的行列;但乔伊斯与耶稣会士疏远，并在大学毕业后脱离了天主教会。 Joyce made a huge effort to free himself from all aspects of the past such as, family, religion, and country. He left Ireland in 1902 after graduating college. He spent the rest of his life in Trieste, Zurich, or Paris. During this time he was very poor. He spent much of his working career as a language instructor. He was said to have known 17 languages. He also spent time as a bank clerk, while trying to find time to write. He started to have eye problems in 1907, and by the end of his life he was almost blind. After Ulysses in 1922, he was left a lot of money from an Englishwoman, and then spent his time working on his writing full time. This book A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man in 1916 was an autobiographical novel about his youth and his home life. The main character’s name in this is Stephen Dedalus. It shows a clear cut, advocacy of an artist’s right to defy inhibiting forces like, family, church and nation. When Stephen, was in the university he talks about his dislike for his classmates who just bend their heads and write in their notebooks, “the points they were bidden to note, nominal definitions, essential definitions and examples or dates of birth or death, chief works, a favorable and unfavorable criticism side by side,” Joyce’s views of Irish education weren’t very good. Stephen in this book scorns his family, and his father’s attributes. He thinks that he has failed in his effort to unite his will and the will of God, to love God the way he feels is expected. He feels this because he will not serve God. He wants to live his life his way. He talks about how he knew he couldn’t be accepted, “it wounded him to think that he would never be but a shy guest at the feast of the world’s culture and that the monkish learning, in terms of which he was striving to forge out an esthetic philosophy, was held no higher by the age he lived than the subtle and curious jargons of heraldry and falconry.” He feels that he has been taught nothing; he must seek out and learn on his own. Joyce feels very dedicated to himself as a literary artist and dedication to God and family is next to nothing. He says this through Stephen, “Welcome, O life! I go to encounter for the millionth time the reality of experience and to forge in the smithy of my soul the uncreated conscience of my race.” He has a dedication that lets his writing take over and he waits to see what his soul will create.
乔伊斯对爱尔兰的感情非常强烈。他自愿离开爱尔兰，强迫自己把这一切都忘掉。他对都柏林的生活了解甚少，但他已充分利用了他所掌握的一切。他认为大多数爱尔兰人都有强烈的爱尔兰民族主义，但他没有受到这种民族主义的影响。在他的小说《死者》中，他用加布里埃尔这个角色来表达他的感受。他说，要想在这块土地上成功地生活在这块土地上人们总是能感受到不愉快的过去阴影和灵魂的存在是引人注目的和突突的一个人必须有力地肯定事实的生活和开明的行动乔伊斯认为，爱尔兰充满了过去的事件，现在却萦绕着它的未来，如果仍有不好的情绪，就不会有好事发生。他还说“我厌倦了我的国家，我厌倦了它。”乔伊斯厌恶他的国家，对它怀有强烈的仇恨。他在《亡灵》中表达了对爱尔兰最深切的感情。 The Dead may have been Joyce’s picture of himself if he had not left Ireland when he did. Joyce left Ireland after college; he says through Gabriel, “the time had come for him to set out on his journey westward. Yes, the newspapers were right: snow was general all over Ireland. It was falling on every part of the dark central plain, on the treeless hills, falling softly upon the Bog of Allen and, farther westward, softly falling into the dark mutinous Shannon waves. It was falling, too, upon every part of the lonely churchyard on the hill where Michael Furey lay buried.” Through Joyce’s description of the landscape of Ireland he shows how he feels that Ireland is an evil place. The snow is almost the purity of Ireland falling onto the landscape. He goes on to talk about how it melted into these places and washed away into the evil atmosphere. Joyce intended to demonstrate the characteristics of Irish life and to hope that Gabriel would escape his own ego and that life in Ireland would start anew. Joyce states in his critical writings that “the economic conditions that prevail in my own country do not permit the development of individuality.” He felt very constricted as an artist in Ireland. He also states that, “the soul of the country is weakened by centuries of useless struggle and broken treaties, and individual initiative is paralyzed by the influence and admonitions of the church, while its body is manacled by the police, the tax office, and the garrison. No one who has any self respect stays in Ireland, but fleas afar as though from a country that has undergone the visitation from an angry Jove.” Ireland to him is the place where censorship and pain over old struggles that should be forgotten prevail over new ideas. He believes that his artistic abilities are being choked and that the bureaucracy of life in Ireland is too great for him for him to overcome.
在一次乔伊斯认为他想成为天主教会的僧侣。在他从教堂疏远自己的时候，他试图尽可能地远离它。乔伊斯看到教堂作为监狱。他在一个天主教学校的年轻男孩写了阿拉伯语。他说：“北里士满街，失明是一个安静的街道，除了基督徒兄弟学校让男孩自由地设定了这个男孩。”Joyce自己在一个天主教学校度过了他的大部分青春，他稍后认为是一个成年人，它几乎是他的想法，告诉他如何思考和行动。他常常写关于他如何看待严格的教会向新想法开放。他在阿拉伯也说：“及时，也许会有一个渐进的爱尔兰良知，也许是四个或五个世纪的蠕虫饮食后，我们会看到一把爱尔兰僧人扔掉他的插头，跑了一些尼姑，并在一个响亮的声音中宣称连贯的荒谬，这是天主教，并且是新教的非连贯性荒谬的开始。“乔伊斯认为，在思维上的束缚是荒谬的，人们应该自己思考，没有教会告诉你如何思考。
詹姆斯·乔伊斯热衷于在他的作品中发现并揭示真理。他是一个善于观察现实的人，他热爱现实，他总是想从表象背后找到真相。乔伊斯自愿流亡爱尔兰，但爱尔兰从未远离他的思想和写作。他也将自己逐出教会，但却经常写关于教会及其约束的文章。他放弃了童年，选择用另一个名字写他的童年自传。他观察了别人的现实却忽略了自己的。在精神上，他离开了爱尔兰、教堂和他的童年，但他从未在自己的潜意识里离开过这些。他选择用别人的话和别人的嘴来描写自己的生活和感受。他仍然想把自己从他的生活中放逐出去，他几乎觉得，如果把所有这些地方都留在外面，他也就把所有的感情都抛在脑后了。他写的是他选择远离的话题，好像是为了公正地看待它们，写的是真正的真相。
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