“没有比例上的奇异就没有精致的美”(爱伦·坡传记8)。埃德加·爱伦·坡的一生非常艰难这在他的文学风格中很明显。他曾被称为“恐怖大师”。在他的生活中,他挣扎的一个方面是社会孤立。他在许多诗歌和短篇小说中都以此为主题。坡的一生也充满了恐惧和非理性的时期。当涉及到女性时,他有非常敏感的一面,任何与他亲近的女性都很早就去世了。他的另一场主要战役,实际上是唯一一场他真正失败的战役,是他与酗酒的斗争。在所有这些话题中,坡最喜欢的是一位美丽女子的死亡,这是一种他非常熟悉的情感,以及死亡这个普遍的话题。在坡的一生中,他经历了极度的社会孤立。这种分离的感觉开始于他的父亲去世或失踪前后,爱伦坡的妹妹罗莎莉出生了。 The family then moved and he was separated from his older brother, who was left with relatives in Baltimore. During those toddler years, Poe found his mother in the last stages of tuberculosis. Upon her death, he was then separated from his younger sister, Rosalie. Another major low point in his life was the death of his foster mother, Mrs. Frances Allan, and his foster father disowning him, all at one time. The most significant set-back to Edgar Allan Poe was the death of his cousin/wife Virginia Clemm.

这一件事几乎导致了他成年后所有的孤独感。他觉得好像所有他亲近的人都会死去。坡在许多最受欢迎的作品中都写到了孤独。《梦中梦》并不是他最受欢迎的诗歌之一,但它讲述了不得不与所爱的人告别的艰难过程。他还写了《乌鸦》(The Raven),书中的叙述者发疯了,跟一只鸟说他失去了失去的丽诺尔(Lenore),意识到自己孤身一人。爱伦·坡向读者表达孤独感受的第三首诗是《阿蒙提拉多酒桶》。在这个故事中,主人公福尔图纳托被他爱人的父亲骗了,死在了坟墓里。最后,《沉默》这首诗强烈地暗示了他在这个世界上感到孤独,渴望有人陪伴。坡一生中经历过几个恐惧和非理性的时期,他把这些经历写进了许多更著名的作品中。其中一段经历是在养母去世后为了摆脱养父而参军。 Another of these times was his dismissal from the army which was actually on purpose; he missed all of his drills and was asked to leave immediately. These periods of fear and irrationality were the cause of his misfortune and poor social status.

因为这些小插曲,他被同龄人瞧不起。“埃德加·爱伦·坡永恒不变的主题是疯狂”(《短篇小说》,1995,第1页)。爱伦·坡几乎在他所有的短篇小说和诗歌中都表达了这个主题。“他的许多故事都表现出不正常的精神状态,是由一种疯狂的痴迷构成的”(赫维1)。他疯狂的方式使他的作品从普通的短篇小说或诗歌中脱颖而出。他能够将他的故事和诗歌以一种近乎真实的方式扭曲,而且绝对是有趣的。《黑猫》就是一个例子。这个角色把第一只猫的眼睛挖出来,然后杀了它。在那之后,他开始“不小心”用斧头杀死了他的妻子,并把她埋在了一堵墙里。坡作品中另一个疯狂的例子是《告密的心》,埃德加跟踪一个人并最终杀死了他。然后他肢解了尸体,取出了心脏,把他埋在了房子下面。他后来向警方坦白,因为他相信自己能听到那名男子的心跳。 Formed very early in his life, Edgar Allan Poe had quite an attraction to females. It began when his father left him at the age of two and never returned, thus he never had a real father role in his life. A second contribution to his attraction to females evolved from his deep love for and close relationship with his foster mother whom he adored much more than his foster father. Poe’s closest friend, Virginia Clemm, was also his cousin and his wife. Poe’s works were greatly influenced by his deep admiration for the female gender.

读:
埃德加·爱伦·坡的《告密的心》概要与分析

在《乌鸦》中,叙述者因为失去了丽诺尔而极度悲伤。在《伊丽莎白》这首诗中,坡有一个隐藏的秘密信息。这条信息用每一行的首字母垂直向下拼出了“伊丽莎白·丽贝卡”这个名字。这首诗是献给他一位逝去的爱人的。在《致名字写在下面的她》(to Her Whose Name is Written Below)中,人们发现了对他养母的敬意。在这首诗中,埃德加用每行的第二个字母拼出“弗朗西丝·瑟吉安·罗斯古德”。他还写了一首名为《莲娜》的诗献给他失去的爱人弗吉尼亚。这首诗讲述了她是多么的美丽,她死的时候是多么的年轻,以及他是如何哀悼她的。在《安娜贝尔·李》(Annabel Lee)写给他深爱的弗吉尼亚的信中,坡写道:“这位少女活着的唯一目的就是爱我,也被我爱。”埃德加·爱伦·坡有嗜酒的遗传倾向。 His cousin viewed alcohol as the “curse of the Poes’.” Disregarding much warning, he began to drink as a young man. His drinking became worse when he attended the University of Virginia. His reason for drinking was to escape the drudgery and disappointment of his life. According to Thomas Poulter, Poe stated: I have absolutely no pleasure in the stimulants in which I sometimes so madly indulge. It has not been in the pursuit of pleasure that I have periled life and reputation and reason.

这是一种绝望的尝试,试图逃离折磨人的记忆,逃离无法忍受的孤独感,逃离对即将到来的奇怪厄运的恐惧。(2)坡的酗酒对他的生活有三个主要影响:他失去了健康,他失去了工作,他失去了拥有自己杂志的梦想。在众多美国作家中,坡是第一个感到需要喝酒的人。酒精毁了他的生活。他没有好工作。他没有稳定的世界。他没有什么东西可以把他固定在现实中,所以他诱导幻想,用瓶子淹没他的恐惧”(保尔特4)。坡的作品反映了他对喝酒的罪恶的看法。在《黑猫》和《阿蒙提拉多酒桶》中,酒扮演了重要角色。《黑猫》的叙述者是一个长期酗酒者,他在醉酒昏迷时挖出了他的猫的眼睛,因为他认为猫在躲避他。在《阿蒙提拉多酒桶》中,福尔图纳托被他对酒的热爱所引诱而走向死亡。 Poe attacked the use of alcohol because it was overpowering and destructive. The characters in his works reflected his inability to enjoy the drug like most people and his regard for alcohol as an instrument of destruction.

读:
埃德加·爱伦·坡的《酒桶:主题》

在埃德加·爱伦·坡选择的文学道路上,最决定性的因素是他所爱之人的去世。他在很小的时候就经历了死亡,他的生母和父亲可能在他三岁之前去世了。另一个关键的损失是他年轻时失去的妻子和表妹弗吉尼亚·克莱姆。坡一生中最大的损失可能是他的养母弗朗西丝·艾伦太太。对埃德加·爱伦·坡来说,死亡是最受欢迎的话题之一。据史蒂夫Whitlatch。”波爱生活,但他主要是关注死亡”(1)。他写了一些最可怕的故事的包括谋杀在停尸房街,泄密的心,黑色的猫,《红死病的面膜,亚瑟家的。《莫格街谋杀案》被认为是第一部推理悬疑小说,讲述了一位侦探在法国巴黎莫格街破获一系列谋杀案的故事。在他的作品中,死亡的另一个例子是《泄密的心》。在这本书中,坡提到了一个疯子杀死了一个人,并把他埋在了地板下。在他的短篇小说《黑猫》中,主人公杀死了躲避他的猫,并意外地用斧头杀死了他的妻子。 A prime example of his showcasing death as the major theme is found in the allegory, The Masque of the Red Death. The main character, Fortunato, attempted to avoid the Red Death by pinning himself and 1000 of his friends inside his castle while the entire town around them died. He soon realized there was an uninvited guest who turned out to be the Red Death and in turn each of the guests died. Edgar Allan Poe’s difficult life was reflected in almost every work that ever left his pen.

他的作品集描绘了社会孤立、恐惧和非理性的时期,以及酗酒的极端时期。他对死亡主题的痴迷,尤其是一位美丽女子的死亡,在他的大多数作品中都有表现。用法与例句:“有一件事是肯定的,没有一个像坡这样杰出的美国作家死得更孤独或更悲惨”(波尔特3)。

引用这篇文章如下:威廉·安德森(学校工作助手编辑团队),《埃德加·爱伦·坡:自传和作品》,在SchoolWorkHelper, 2019,//www.chadjarvis.com/edgar-allan-poe-autobiography-works/

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