乔纳森·斯威夫特的《格列佛游记:总结与分析》

许多作者写了关于事件，生活和环境的书籍，以及他们的腐败政府。一位讽刺作者写在腐败社会中的一部小说是乔纳森·斯威夫特，他写了Gulliver的旅行。主角访问的地方反映在作者的英国政府上。作者的生活将与他生活的方式类似于这本书。Jonathan Swift受过良好的教育，毕业于英国文学中都柏林三一学院。他不仅在文学中患有了生命，而且在政治上也有生命。这一经验帮助他写了许多讽刺的论文和对阵英格兰和爱尔兰的小说。他的第一个政治工作是为这位非凡的政治家工作，威廉寺爵士从1689年到1699年。在此期间，他也成了1694年英格兰教堂的部长。威廉寺爵士在1699年去世后，Swift成为一个牧师在拉索尔，爱尔兰的一位小南门教区。他在1694年被任命为1694年。在教堂内，他作为作家的技能非常感谢，在都柏林众所周知。 If one were to divide Swift’s career into “periods,” the years 1710-14 would naturally fall into the “Middle Period.”(Cook, V) In 1710, he became a powerful supporter of the Tory government in England. Through many of Swift’s articles and pamphlets in defense, he became one of the most effective public relations men any English administration ever had. The Tories saw how good Swift’s literature was and hired him as an editor for their journal, The Examiner. His political power ended when a new government came to power.

这就是辉格党。托利党政府和辉格党互相对立，有不同的观点斯威夫特人生的最后阶段表明，他从一个英国人变成了爱尔兰人的宠儿，这几乎是不由他自己的。(斯威夫特十四世)他被他的朋友出卖并流放到爱尔兰。他在爱尔兰忍受着难以忍受的生活方式，这迫使他写出了精彩的讽刺文章《一个谦虚的建议》。这篇文章建议爱尔兰人应该利用他们的孩子作为经济作物。在《格列佛游记》一书中，作者通过对主人公生活的反思来证明一点，人类是野蛮人。他所需要做的只是故意装出一副自欺的狂热者的样子。(库克，第92页)故事的主人公雷米厄·格列佛多次航海，有一次他把妻子和孩子留在英国好几个月。在书中，他的第一次航行是去利力浦特。他去的所有地方都是偶然的。要么他遭遇了海难要么他的船被海盗劫持了。在利力浦特，他在岸上睡着了，醒来时被野蛮的利力浦特人绑住了。 These natives are only three inches high and look exactly like humans but smaller. Swift satirizes our b*stial selves and use them as these Lilllputians. These Lilliputians are pure evil and very corrupt. Their government system is similar to ours. Their leader is an Emperor who has all but some power over their country. He also has advisors who seem to influence the Emperor in all his decisions even if he did not agree. This system is similar to our government and congress having equal power to the president. In order for a person to gain a seat in congress or hold a certain political position in our society, they have to be elected by the people. In Lilliput, the people gain their political power in the strangest and silliest way. The emperor holds a stick out in front of the person and in order for the person to get the highest position possible, they must be able to jump over or crawl under the stick depending how the emperor positions it. The emperor may raise the stick and lower it for whomever he wants. He may pick favorites and make it easier for them to get over the stick. The Lilliputians were in the middle of a civil war with a neighboring island called Blefescu. The war was caused due to a misunderstanding in the past. The Lilliputian and Blefescudian ancestors were eating breakfast and they broke their eggs on different ends. They got into an argument about which end is better to break and split up. The Lilliputians called themselves the Big Enders and the Blefescudians called themselves the Little Enders. Gulliver’s stay was short because they did not trust him and was plotting against his life. He then fled to Blefescu, which was an enemy of the Lilliputians. They soon rejected him and he started on his journey home. The second place Gulliver arrives is Brobdingnag. These natives are about ten stories high and looked like humans because of their facial features. The farmer that found Gulliver brought him to the queen. The Brobdingnagian government is similar to the communistic government. In this society, there is no currency because everyone gets the same amount of food and luxuries.

女王解释了她的政府是如何建立在平等的基础上的，而格列佛则解释了他的政府是如何建立在征服其他国家和不断与其他国家进行战争的基础上的，这些简单的问题可以通过对话解决。王后听说了他那可怕的政府，对他所说的话感到震惊。布罗卜丁纳格的社会与之不同，因为它在道德上是先进的，但他们拥有我们所有不完整的价值观。女王最终将他流放到英国。不幸的是，他没能到达英国，而是让他的船被海盗占领了。有人给了他一条小船，让他自生自灭。有个叫勒皮他的飞行岛，岛上的一些土著人收留了格列佛。这个岛上的土人很特别。老一辈的人会盯着太阳沉思。他们会问这样的问题:“太阳怎么样?” They were usually in so much of deep thought that they would be unconscious. There is a man always following them and tapping them trying to bring them back to reality. Swift is satirizing the scientists with their wild theories and unproven facts. There were many of these people around his time that made many theories that turned out to be false. The last place Gulliver went to was The Land of the Houynhnms. The natives of this island were horses. They ruled the island and all of the other inhabitants on it. The other inhabitants were Yahoos. These yahoos were humans who were uncivilized and were supposed to satirize our b*stial sides of us. The Houynhnms had the reasoning and language of our human race. They did not know what love was, so they did not know what was jealousy, rage, anger, insanity, and many other emotions that love may harvest. The Houynhnms and the Yahoos were being satirized because those two species put together were called the H. sapiens species. Given man’s instinctive corrupt nature and the downward drift it fostered, social change of almost any sort was apt to be worse. (Cook,120) Gulliver was accepted in to the Houynhnm society even though he resembled a yahoo. He learned to speak their language and learned their ways. As Gulliver explains to his Houyhnhnm master about England, noble families in England nearly always die out after three generations, “unless the wives take care to provide a healthy father among her neighbors, or domesticks, in order to improve and continue the Breed.” (Cook,124) He was eventually ostracized from them because he was a threat to them for being a yahoo. Eventually, Gulliver returned home and shared his stories with every one. They marked him as mad and he lived the rest of is days in an insane asylum. Many authors like Jonathan Swift reflect their lives in their books. This book was a good example in my opinion of an author reflecting his life and his society which may be fair or corrupt. All authors should reflect their lives in their books so that the reader will know more about them.

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《双城记》:总结与分析

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