在《武侠编年史》中，雷·布拉德伯里(Ray Bradbury)为我们提供了一种展望未来的视角，而不仅仅是从技术角度看待人类
站在人的立场上，但也是人的立场。他精雕细琢、几乎充满诗意的故事背景只是科幻小说。他们更强调现代社会的冷漠和不人道，而不是技术。雷·道格拉斯·布拉德伯里于1920年8月22日出生在伊利诺斯州的沃基根，他的父亲是伦纳德·斯伯丁和埃斯特·布拉德伯里。他在十二岁时就开始写作，主要是为了自娱自乐。在这段时间里，他读了《奥兹国》、《爱丽丝梦游仙境》、《人猿泰山》、《格林童话》和爱伦坡的作品，形成了他奇异的写作风格。1934年，他的家人搬到了洛杉矶，布拉德伯里在那里读高中，并加入了洛杉矶科学幻想协会。作为会员，布拉德伯里出版了四期自己的杂志《幻想未来》。1938年高中毕业后，他从事过各种工作，这使他有了大量的时间来写作。1940年，他的第一篇小说《不是热，是胡》在Script杂志上发表，奠定了白bradbury关于社会愤怒的流行主题。 By 1942, Bradbury was able to earn enough money writing that he could give up his job selling newspapers and devote all of his time to what he loved. (Candee 88) As some critics would agree, the term “science-fiction” does not apply to Bradbury’s work. Most of his stories are more along the lines of fantasy with an intense understanding of human nature. In “The Green Morning”, a man named Benjamin Driscoll arrives on Mars looking for a job and a way to fit in. Before long, however, he faints, as many people do, because of the thin air of Mars. Upon waking, the first thing he notices the lack of trees on the Martian plains. He decides that his job should be to plant trees. He works for weeks planting trees of all kinds across the Martian countryside but the lack of rain leads him to believe that all of his efforts are in vain.
那天晚上下雨了，当Driscoll第二天早上醒来时，他发现火星上覆盖着超过六英尺高的树木，“被外星和神奇的土壤滋养”(Bradbury 77)，并产生了“山河”(Bradbury 77)的新空气。正如布拉德伯里所说，“科幻小说实际上是对未来的社会学研究，作者通过把事实和事实结合起来相信会发生的事情……幻想小说是不可能发生的”(坎迪88)。很明显，这个故事不太可能发生，也不应该被归类为科幻小说。这种不可能的故事的另一个例子是题为“YLLA”的一章。在这一章中，布拉德伯里花了很大篇幅描述了火星的环境，使用了奇妙的图像，如水晶柱屋、从墙上长出的金色水果，以及浅棕色皮肤和金色眼睛的火星人。有一次，他甚至提到了火星人用来运输的“火焰鸟”。甚至在他的故事中火星人的名字都是令人难以置信的。他使用诸如K先生、X-x-x先生、Iii先生等名字，甚至都懒得让它们变得真实。但是对于布拉德伯里来说，“科幻小说的装饰已经足够了——仅仅是舞台的设置”(Riley 43)。他用科幻/幻想场景作为媒介来表达人类的行为和缺点。 In the stories of The Martian Chronically, Bradbury is never hesitant to criticize mankind and our “misapplication of science to avaricious ends” (Bryfonski 68). In the chapter called “-And the Moon be Still as Bright”, Bradbury details the arrival of the fourth expedition of men from earth and their discovery of a dead planet as a result of diseases transmitted from previous expeditions. A man named Spender was the sole voice of opposition against all of the disrespect shown by his crew members toward the once noble race of Martians. While many of the men are getting drunk and partying, Spender is grieving and appealing to his captain, who can do nothing. Spender is pushed over the edge when a drunken named Biggs gets sick in the middle of one of the most beautiful cities of Mars. Spender is so offended that he disappears into the Martian hills and does not return for two weeks. When he does return, he goes on a murderous rampage, first killing Biggs, and then four of his fellow crew members. Through Spender, Bradbury is showing his disapproval of mankind’s exploit of other races by the misapplication of technology. (Bryfonski 68) Another important aspect of Bradbury’s work in The Martian Chronicles is his demonstration of human’s “inability to forget, or at least resist, the past” (Bryfonski 70).
当第二次地球人探险队到达火星时，傲慢的队长威廉姆斯船长期待着赞扬和祝贺
当没有人把他当回事时，他感到很困惑。船员们挨家挨户地寻找愿意承认他们成就的人，但似乎没有人在乎。人们不能“接受这是火星这个事实——一个不同的、独特的新地方，他们必须准备好做出个人调整”(布里丰斯基70)，直到为时已晚。他们被认为是疯狂的火星人，有能力投射他们的思想，从而解释他们的外表。人们都说，治疗这种精神错乱的唯一方法就是死亡。不久之后，所有船员都被处决。他们的遗嘱执行人的死亡也是由于无法忘记过去。他是一家收容这些人的疯人院的管理员。他的工作是评估并在必要时杀死疯狂的火星人。在他杀死地球人之后，他希望他们的身体恢复到“正常”火星人的形态。 When they do not, he is convinced that he has become insane and precedes to kill himself as well. Another story with incidents of human inability to change lies in chapter “The Earth Men”, which, in some ways, “acts as a metaphor for the book as a whole”(Bryfonski 70). Here, a third expedition of Earthmen arrives on Mars, only to find a town not unlike one in the United States in the mid-1800. Upon exiting their ship they were even more surprised to find people, old friends and relatives, which had been dead for years on Earth. They are told that this is the place where people come when they die, and before long the entire crew abandoned their ship and reminisces with people from their past. That night all of the crew members settle in with their long lost families, and just a little too late, Captain John Black realizes their fatal mistake. The Martians, endowed with the gift of telepathy, create an elaborate illusion to fool the humans into vacating their ship and leaving them defenseless. As the crew lies silently in bed, they are murdered by the Martians, thus ending the third expedition. Although Bradbury’s style of writing cannot be considered science fiction, it is a very unique and an important part of modern literature. His stories in The Martian Chronicles established him as a serious writer of science fiction and fantasy and are full of wonderful images, messages, and truths about life (Solomon). “Bradbury’s stories are not an escape from reality; they are windows looking upon enduring reality” (Bryfonski 69).
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