莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》中的衰落

莎士比亚认为腐败是丹麦衰落的原因。克劳迪斯的腐败就像毒药一样，导致了丹麦的稳定和安全的衰败。同样,哈姆雷特腐蚀自己的道德原因自己的精神衰变以及分解的丹麦后,他坚持他的复仇的腐蚀他的道德,反过来导致不稳定和不安全的丹麦和皇家法院最终外国控制。

克劳迪斯的腐败和贪婪导致他对他的兄弟犯下弑君罪，这也造成了丹麦永无休止的腐败，因为他被观众视为篡位者和凶残的国王。

这个腐败的宝座是丹麦的毒药导致衰变,也可能出现宗教的衰变的神圣权利的国王被弑君也许反映了当时英格兰宗教动乱和不稳定由于脱离罗马和天主教徒和新教徒的相互矛盾的看法对复仇会有不同的看法。

王位的腐败是明显的，被丹麦人民感受到了Marcellus关于丹麦状态腐烂的国家的评论。“

在Elizabethan时代，大多数人认为，一个国家的健康与其国王的合法性相同，然而，Claudius因瘦细的非法性导致丹麦的腐烂。

也许莎士比亚建议外部衰减和内部，系统衰减之间的连接。The external decay being the physical corruption that Claudius brings about with the ‘most foul and unnatural murder’ and the internal decay being the poisoning of the political and social affairs of Denmark as seen by the foreign takeover with Fortinbras and the domestic problems leading to a bloodbath in the Royal court of Denmark.

丹麦的衰败在哈姆雷特对皇家法院的评论中得到了进一步的反映:“这是一个未除草的花园，生长着种子;/事物在自然界是肮脏的。”这是对丹麦腐败的一种延伸的比喻它来自于中央;进入社会，就像一个不断生长，蔓延的没有杂草的花园，造成了混乱的时代，这在后来许多人物的死亡中可以看到，包括哈姆雷特自己。

通过哈姆雷特对克劳迪亚斯的评论，腐朽的形象得到了进一步的强调，“一个人可以用吃了国王的虫子捕鱼，也可以吃吃了吃虫子的鱼。”

This is a symbol of corruption and decay of Denmark as the worm represents the dead king’s corpse which has decayed and been consumed by the worm which is later used in fishing and is thus eaten by the fish which ends up eaten by Claudius thus Hamlet accusing Claudius of eating a dead corpse of the old king is symbolic of the corruption of the State of Denmark as it reflects the regicide committed by Claudius. Therefore, Shakespeare presents decay by showing how Claudius’ corruption poisons Denmark and infects it with decay.

此外，克劳迪斯的腐败导致了丹麦的衰败和腐朽，并感染了哈姆雷特，使他对身体的腐败产生了痴迷，因为他腐化了自己的道德，对死亡和腐朽着迷。

Hamlet can no longer see the beauty of the world around him as he tells Rosencrantz and Guildenstern that he sees nothing but “foul and pestilent congregation of vapors” and this is due to the melancholy that engulfs him after his father’s murder and the corruption of Denmark. He even associates his mother’s marriage with rot and decay when he refers to the “Royal bed of Denmark” as “enseamed bed”.

His mother’s haste remarriage affects the whole of Denmark and the image of her marriage bed being the bed of Denmark goes back to the view that with the regicide committed by Claudius, corruption has become innate to Denmark and the decay and rot that comes with corruption spread from the throne to society. Hamlet’s revenge requires him to corrupt his own morals leading to his own mental stability decay as well as his physical decay with his death.

腐败已经吞噬了丹麦，毒害了它，哈姆雷特因此敦促他采取行动，通过复仇来阻止它。然而，这种复仇是不符合他的性格的，正如威廉·黑兹利特所说，哈姆雷特是一个“伟大的道德家”，因此他需要败坏自己的道德指南针来实施他的复仇。

哈姆雷特延长了他的报复，因为他的道德指南针和他的恐惧作为存在主义英雄。他经历了发现他复仇背后的道德的哲学之旅，这导致他的哈马蒂亚无所作为，这导致了他的悲惨死亡和许多其他人。

最后，哈姆雷特的道德腐败和他对复仇的坚持也有助于丹麦的衰变与腐败的宝座一起悬挂。

他对复仇的坚持和对道德败坏的拖延不仅导致了他的死亡还导致了普罗尼尔斯，奥菲莉亚，莱尔提斯和格特鲁德的不必要死亡正如科登所说，哈姆雷特的疯狂是“社会和政治混乱的工具”，他的复仇和道德的腐败也导致了丹麦的衰落和毁灭，外国势力接管了王位。

福丁布拉斯继承了王位而腐朽和衰败是不可避免的需要福丁布拉斯来净化丹麦这一点在哈姆雷特发现约里克的头骨时得到了证明，约里克是一个前小丑，他哀叹约里克的所有部分他知道他的"无限的笑话"温暖和生殖器，还有身体属性，比如他的舌头和肉，都永远消失了，因此我们意识到所有的人，甚至是历史上最有影响力的领袖，比如亚历山大大帝，都回到了“尘埃”。

他也对身体的腐烂过程痴迷并询问了GraveDiggers详细描述了肉体从骨骼中腐烂需要多长时间。Hamlet’s continued fixation on the inescapable process of dying and decay shows that he feels incapable of stopping the decay and rot of Denmark due to it being engulfed in corruption and indeed in the end a foreign leader is needed to take over Denmark and cleanse it from its corruption. Denmark had to rot in order to flourish just as human flesh decays and fertilizes the ground beneath it.

因此，由于悲剧英雄的存在;哈姆雷特在丹麦的国家，丹麦的衰落是不可避免的，因为这个悲剧英雄是国家的领袖和核心。

总体而言，莎士比亚将腐败呈现为丹麦衰减的原因。腐败的宝座是该国的核心因克劳迪斯的萎缩而腐烂，这感染了哈姆雷特的凡人，导致他自己的腐败和精神衰减最终导致丹麦州和外国国王的继承毁灭。