Mary Todd Lincoln：第一夫人和传记

美国十六届总裁妻子的玛丽安托德林肯于1818年12月13日出生，在肯塔基州伦特州的罗伯特和伊丽莎帕克托德。她在一个富有的尚未障碍的家庭中被提升。她作为一个孩子受过良好教育，但在成长时需要更多关注。在内战期间，玛丽在南方女人遇到了很多问题。许多人不喜欢她，人们经常批评她在白宫的行动。

她的问题开始在她的生命中。她有五个兄弟姐妹，并没有给出她需要的所有关注。这很困难，因为她脾气暴躁，并要求很多关注。当玛丽是四个她的小弟弟死了。她不知道究竟发生了什么，但她仍然表现出她的死亡受到伤害。两年后玛丽六岁，她的母亲去世了。当她去世时，Eliza Parker Todd只有31岁，她离开了她的丈夫罗伯特，六个孩子照顾。伊丽莎的去世对玛丽非常努力，因为她只是开始接近她的妈妈。在一年之后，她爸爸结婚了Betsy Humphreys。罗伯特和贝琪于1826年11月1日结婚。Betsy有八个孩子，给他们共有14个孩子照顾。这么多孩子让罗伯特和贝琪努力地照顾孩子。Eliza的孩子不喜欢Betsy，也不会对他们不在乎。那些孩子们互相看着伊丽莎白，玛丽最古老的妹妹，带着母亲的角色。 Mary started to become more independent just like her older sisters.Soon the Todd family moved into a new home in Lexington, which was yet another difficult change for Mary. Mary found an escape from the family problems in 1836.

她18岁，刚从寄宿学校毕业，现在就要离开家了。她的两个姐妹，伊丽莎白和弗朗西斯，已经搬到了伊利诺斯州的斯普林菲尔德。玛丽经常看望她的姐妹，并在1839年搬到斯普林菲尔德与弗朗西斯和她的丈夫威廉华莱士(贝克79)一起生活。在斯普林菲尔德呆了一段时间后，玛丽开始寻找丈夫。有人说，“社会事务成为20多岁的女人的关键时期，她们很快就要结婚或成为老处女”(82)。害怕成为老处女使她参加了许多社交活动，在那里她遇到了许多男人。玛丽的姐夫爱德华和她的表弟约翰·托德·斯图尔特都在政府任职。他们帮助她遇到了她未来的丈夫亚伯拉罕·林肯，他当时是州议会的代表。玛丽和亚伯拉罕是两个完全不同的人，他们的相遇绝不是一见钟情(83)。1840年，他们的关系很好，有结婚的传言。一年后，他们都产生了怀疑，他们分手了一段时间。 Mary was scared that she was going to marry the wrong guy. Because in the 1800’s, one you were married that was it. Even if the love was no more, the marriage stayed. Lincoln had also. As the son of a farmer, he was worried financially, thinking he might not be able to support her. The break up was hard for both of them, especially Mary “…Mary Todd was caught in a female dilemma between girlish sociability and wifely withdrawal…”(92). The two got back together in 1842, after having a difficult time away from each other. In fact, three days after the election in November of 1842, Mary Todd and Abraham Lincoln got married. The Lincoln’s’ marriage was not centered on love but on politics. Their relationship was more of a friendship with random signs of affection.. Mary provided Lincoln with children, friendship, and domestic, economic and political support (131). Mary used her background to teach Lincoln how to dress and proper manners to help him be successful politically. Politics were important in the Lincoln’s’ lives. While Lincoln gave speeches and introduced bills, Mary also got involved in politics. However, she was not interested in the political issues but the fame she got with the issues. She was always willing to help her husband if she was recognized in return (134).

他们有三个孩子1850年，罗伯特，爱德华和威廉。Tad，他们的第四个儿子，出生于1853年。林肯夫人和孩子们住在家里，而亚伯拉罕忙着他的职业生涯。他是美国国会的伊利诺伊州代表。玛丽和孩子们在家里留下很好，因为现在他们现在住在华盛顿州，坐在寄宿公寓里，靠近林肯。林肯夫人是一个“......全面的家庭辅导员，为她的丈夫（Baker 135-136）为洞察力判决......”。玛丽参与她的职业生涯会导致她失去了很多朋友。她向她的孩子和丈夫致力于她的时间，试图加强他的声誉。有人说，“政治将它们带到一起，从她的角度来看，政治必须留在一个联合企业”（136）。Lincoln was elected President in 1860. When he found out he had won the election he ran home yelling, “Mary, Mary we are elected” (162).林肯赞赏她在他的所有政治成功中的帮助。 In fact, though Lincoln’s success came mostly because of his leadership skills, they also came because of his wife’s faith and support. Mary was very happy by her husband’s election to the presidency; however, she was upset because for the first time she felt inferior to Lincoln. After Lincoln’s election, the family started moving into the White House. She had a difficult time dealing with the inequality of power in the relationship and so she started to speak her mind, never holding anything back. Often Mary got into trouble either with her husband or other politicians because of her outspokenness. It has been said of Mary that “none took up her duties under more difficult circumstances, none was so consistently criticized, none so vulnerable to criticism” (Turner 77). The people in Washington D.C. didn’t pay very much attention to her, only writing mean letters about “the southern lady in the White House” (79). The rejection by the media was hard for her to cope with because she had always been treated well, especially being raised in a socially accepted family. ” She had to find a way of proving that she was a well-bred, Intelligent and sophisticated woman, loyal to her husband and her country, and more than qualified for the demanding role that history had thrust upon her” (79). The First Lady also wanted to prove that she knew about politics. In February of 1862, the Lincoln’s third child, Willie, became very ill. His illness was very hard on Mary.

在他疾病时没有药，所以玛丽坐在床上，看着他变得更糟。这对总统来说也是痛苦的因为他没有什么可以做到的。1862年2月20日，威利去世了。林肯夫人失去了所有控制。她非常悲惨，也许遭受了温和的紧张细分。她拒绝进入威利去世的房间。她也沮丧和孤独一段时间，并没有去过一年多的社交活动。林肯对她感到担忧，威胁要把她放在疯狂的庇护中，如果她没有克服她的悲伤。每年花了玛丽才能克服威利的死亡。最终她回到了她外出的自我，在里面保持任何悲伤的感受。她现在比曾经参与战争。 She was brave enough to visit the wounded at the local hospitals, bringing flowers and stuff from the White House. Ironically, Mary didn’t receive any recognition for this. Not only did she visit the hospitals, she also told her opinion more freely to her husband (Barton 331). Mary wasn’t afraid anymore to tell Lincoln what she thought about his decisions. In fact, she even told him, in front of General Grant and his wife, that General Ord should be removed from his position. Another major issue that Mary faced was slavery. When she was little, her family had a lot of slaves. Coming from a slave-owning family, Mary wanted a few slaves herself. It’s been said that “her southern sympathies were to an extent responsible for Lincoln’s hesitation and slow movement toward emancipation” (Barton 335). After living in the north for over twenty years her opinion on slavery changed. Early in 1862, Mrs. Lincoln took action to convince her husband to free the Slaves and give them equal. Being a Southerner in the White House, she was always being accused of treason. Northerners thought that Mary had constant connections with the South and for protection purposes; she was not allowed to open her own mail (334). Throughout the entire Civil War, “southerners scorned her as a traitor to her birth, and citizens loyal to the union suspected her of treason” (Mary Todd Lincoln, part 6). In 1864, Lincoln was re-elected. Although the couple grew apart during the last year of the war, Lincoln noticed their problems and he was able to bring them back together. They were miserable mostly because the war. This all ended on April 14, 1865, when Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater, where the couple was viewing “Our American Cousin” (218). After Lincoln died, Mary’s life seemed to be over. All her life she had devoted her time to him. Now she didn’t know if she had anything to live for.

她留下了她最古老的儿子罗伯特，在她的儿子Tad在1871年7月15日去世后，他在1875年5月19日之前宣布了他的母亲宣布疯了。她被邀请伊利诺伊州巴塔维亚私有心理学机构（角度508）。她是一年多的患者，直到1876年6月15日，她再次被宣布为理智。玛丽搬到欧洲远离每个人。她在法国发生事故后于1880年初返回。当她失去平衡并跌倒时，她正在将一张图片上面安装了一张壁炉架。她又伤到了腿部伤害。然后，她决定和她的妹妹伊丽莎白留在美国。在1882年7月16日死亡后不久。她在同一个她和林肯结婚的同一个房子里去世了。玛丽托德林肯生活得非常艰难。 The challenges she faced from growing up in a dysfunctional Southern family affected many areas of her life. Marrying Abraham Lincoln made problems for her as well as the demands placed on both of them when he became President. “As a Southern woman in the White House during the Civil War Mary was disliked by many and often criticized” (Turner 78).

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