披头士可能是有史以来最受欢迎、最具影响力和最经久不衰的摇滚乐队,他们几乎凭一己之力重塑了摇滚乐的风格,从一种由无名明星演唱的一次性单曲,转变为一种拥有难忘形象和偶像的艺术媒介。披头士把重点放在了一个团体上,而不是像弗兰克·辛纳屈或埃尔维斯那样的个人。他们也为所有的摇滚乐队树立了榜样,用他们强烈的自我决定意识,在许多问题上与唱片公司和管理层唱反衬,甚至在他们最受欢迎的时候拒绝巡演。

当然,他们无数的热门单曲已经成为现代民歌,被数百个个人和团体翻唱,鼓舞人心无数多,并且已经销售了比历史中任何其他乐队的副本。在20世纪50年代后期,甲壳虫乐队的根源返回利物浦。约翰列侬于1957年3月买了一把吉他,并形成了一个名为Quarrymen的Skiffle集团,以他的高中名为Quarry Bank。阵容经常变化,但到1959年10月,它由他的较年轻的同学保罗McCartney,乔治哈里森和鼓林汉顿组成。截至1960年3月,列侬的艺术学校同学斯图尔特·萨特克利夫加入了低音的乐队,并建议甲虫的名字,在哥德尔霍莉的蟋蟀群体中播放。到那个夏天,他们是银色披头士乐队,八月份甲板。那个月,披头士队离开了德国汉堡,伴随着他们的新鼓手Pete最好,试图在欧洲建立自己。该乐队成为一个受欢迎的当地行为,在各种俱乐部表演,直到他们在11月被驱逐出国家,因为乔治哈里森是未成年的。1961年初,披头士队返回德国,作为歌手Tony Sheridan的备用乐队纪录;这些会议后来在60年代中期发布为“新”甲壳虫乐队材料,利用毫无戒心的粉丝。 Meanwhile Sutcliffe had left the band to pursue his art career and relationship with German photographer Astrid Kircherr. Paul took over on bass. Ironically, Stu died of a brain hemorrhage the following year, right before the Beatle’s third Hamburg visit. Throughout 1961 the Beatles played clubs in Britain, becoming an underground sensation; they were particularly famous at the Cavern Club in Liverpool. Though they played mostly covers, Lennon and McCartney began writing original songs together, agreeing to forever share songwriting credits, even though they only co-wrote a handful of tunes during their entire career as the Beatles. By the end of the year, Liverpool record store owner Brian Epstein had become the band’s manager, and quickly began trying to find them a record contract. On January 1, 1962 the Beatles auditioned for Decca Records, performing 12 covers and three originals for A&R assistant Mike Smith. The group was rejected, however, and told that “guitar groups are on the way out.” Undaunted, Epstein got the group an audition at Parlophone, an EMI subsidiary, with producer George Martin, who signed the Beatles on May 9, 1962. After one recording session, Martin suggested that drummer Pete Best be replaced, and the Beatles brought in Ringo Starr (born Richard Starkey), a well-known local drummer, as his replacement. By October 1962 their first single, Love Me Do” b/w “P.S. I Love You, was a U.K. Top 20 hit, allegedly because Epstein bought 10,000 copies himself to ensure that it would chart. The band became regular guests on the BBC, performing over fifty times between 1962 and 1964. In February of 1963 the Beatles returned to the studio to record 10 songs (in one day!) for their first album, Please Please Me, which was released the following month.

这首歌迅速走红,在英国保持了30周的冠军地位,到了10月,女粉丝们对她们的表演尖叫不已,开始了“披头士狂热”。去年11月初,帕洛风在王室成员面前表演之后,发行了披头士的第二张专辑《With the Beatles》。到今年年底,该组合在英国卖出了250多万张专辑,并有一系列销量达百万的单曲。自然,关于这一惊人的新举措的消息很快就传到了美国。然而,百代的美国合作伙伴Capitol无视披头士在英国的成功,拒绝发行披头士的前几首单曲,而是由总部位于芝加哥的独立厂牌Vee Jay Records发行。维·杰伊把早期的单曲打包成《介绍披头士》,这是他们在美国的第一张LP唱片。1963年下半年,这是在美国能买到的唯一披头士的歌曲,而且卖得非常好;1964年,法院将所有披头士唱片的版权判给了百代/国会唱片公司,这张唱片绝版了,却成为音乐史上造假最多的专辑之一。1964年1月,Capitol发行了他们在美国的第一张甲壳虫乐队的LP, Meet the Beatles,其中包含了他们两张英国专辑的混音材料。1964年2月,披头士在埃德·苏利文的演出中度过了具有里程碑意义的三个周末(观看人数超过7300万),成为美国最大的乐队,“披头士狂热”席卷美国,也为其他“英国入侵”乐队铺平了道路。 To capitalize on their incredible popularity, the Fab Four were made the stars of a comedy film, “A艰难的日夜“,这令人惊讶的是,赢得了良好的评论,毫不奇怪地制作了一个击中原声专辑。在7月份发布电影后,乐队留给了他们的第一个北美旅游,在美国和加拿大进行了25个体育场日期。By the end of the year Beatles For Sale was in British stores, part of EMI’s plan to have a new Beatles album out every six months, while their previous albums and singles still clogged the U.S. and U.K Top 10. In 1965 the band appeared in a second movie, the James Bond spoof “Help!”, which also spawned a soundtrack album. Another huge U.S. tour followed. Not content with their unprecedented commercial success, the Beatles began to take their music more seriously, shifting from covers and upbeat pop love songs to more thoughtful, experimental material, highlighted on December 1965’s Rubber Soul.

读:
安妮·沙利文·梅西:海伦·凯勒传记

披头士在美国发行的下一张专辑《昨天和今天》于1966年6月15日发行,这张封面令人震惊,英俊的披头士四人组被生肉和屠宰的娃娃包围着,抗议国会对他们专辑在美国的“屠宰”。零售商们的抱怨立即滚滚而来,专辑被撤回,并在接下来的一周重新发行了一个新的,平凡的封面,一个蒸汽箱。(如今,这张专辑的原版封面价值数千美元。)当约翰·列侬在一次报纸采访中声称披头士“比耶稣还受欢迎”时,披头士的争议进一步加剧。许多广播电台停止播放他们的歌曲,抗议者出现在他们的音乐会外面。与此同时,这个团体越来越受到印度导师Maharishi Mahesh Yogi的影响;这种与东方宗教的调情很快在60年代的摇滚明星中变得普遍,更有趣的是,这导致披头士在接下来的几张专辑中尝试使用印度锡塔尔琴音乐。乐队还开始使用大量迷幻药,为接下来几年的“花童”埋下伏笔。1966年8月,披头士乐队发行了他们迄今为止最成熟的专辑《左轮手枪》(Revolver)。之后,他们开始了最后一次美国巡演,于8月29日在旧金山的烛台公园(Candlestick Park)进行了最后一次现场演出。乐队宣布,从那时起,他们将远离现场表演,把精力集中在更精细的工作室制作上。 Rumors were spread in the media as the band disappeared from the public. The Beatles spent much of early 1967 in the studio, recording their amazing, Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band. This groundbreaking concept album completely changed the way rock albums were created. It used numerous studio effects, placed the emphasis on the album as a whole rather than on singles, and rewrote the standard for cover art with its famous cardboard cutout-based photo collage. Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band later won four Grammys, including Best Album. On August 27, 1967 Beatles manger Brian Epstein was found dead of a drug overdose, possibly intentional. The band was shaken, but decided not to hire a new manager, assuming complete control over their own career. Their first project without Epstein’s guidance, the concept album and BBC TV special Magical Mystery Tour, was attacked by critics, and was probably the beginning of the end for the Beatles. By 1968 the group had formed its own record label, Apple, and they were recording tracks for a new double album. Sessions were filled with tension as members of the group periodically stormed out and often failed to record together, turning in tracks recorded independently.

奇异的结果,普遍称为白册,但正式称为披头士乐队,于1968年11月发布,并在埃里克·克拉普顿在单身上亮相“吉他轻轻地哭泣”。同月,约翰列侬发布了一张单独的专辑,录制了他有争议的新情人,日本艺术家Yoko Ono,题为未完成的音乐第1号 - 两个处女。1968年,1968年由歌曲“黄潜艇”启发的动画电影在剧院中发布。尽管电影的愉快的色调,但乐队参与的乐趣,真正的披头士乐队几乎没有说过,在他们的个人生活和他们自己的音乐项目上花费更多的时间而不是小组。1969年1月,疲惫的乐队开始准备纪录一张新的专辑在工作室里生活,没有任何超大,暂定题为回来。对于伴随的电影,披头士在他们的工作室屋顶上进行,他们的最后一个公开亮相。在准备专辑的同时,该集团开始对创意问题进行战斗,而项目则被搁置,而该集团继续恶化。3月12日,麦卡特尼已婚美国摄影师琳达·伊斯曼;几天后,列侬正式结婚Yoko Ono。愿议员的情况恶化,当集团任命Allen Klein作为新业务经理时,尽管由Paul McCartney的反对意见,他想让这份工作与他的新岳父。 Though conflict continued to haunt the group, the Beatles returned one last time to EMI Studios to record Abbey Road with George Martin, an amazingly together album. By early 1970 each of the four Beatles was working on a solo album, but each publicly denied rumors of a split. In September 1969, Lennon told his bandmates that he wanted to quit, but because the group was renegotiating with EMI at the time, the breakup was temporarily put aside. Meanwhile, rampant rumors spread across America that Paul McCartney had died in an auto accident several years earlier and had been secretly replaced by a look-alike; the alleged “clues” hidden in lyrics and cover art were quickly proved to be the product of overactive imaginations. Sadly, internal tension resurfaced in the Beatles when Allen Klein brought in Phil Spector to produce and overdub Get Back (released in May 1970 as Let It Be) against Paul’s wishes, also demanding that Paul delay the release of McCartney, his solo debut, in order to avoid detracting from sales of Let It Be. In anger, McCartney released his album in April, before Let It Be, and publicly announced that he was quitting the group.

读:
乔治华莱士:传记和州长

1970年12月31日,麦卡特尼向克莱因提起诉讼,要求解散披头士乐队,这让其他三人感到沮丧,他们曾考虑在继续单飞的同时定期组团录音——现在,至少在相当长的一段时间内,再也没有重聚的机会了。苹果唱片公司陷入了财务和法律的混乱。在20世纪70年代,甲壳虫乐队各自发行了个人专辑。保罗和妻子琳达在“翅膀”组合中表演,是商业上最成功的。约翰断断续续地和小野洋子一起录音,并继续因他的激进而吸引人们的注意(尽管他在1975年为了陪伴刚出生的儿子肖恩而半退休)。在这十年中,关于重新组合的传闻一直不绝于耳。1976年左右,一个名为Klaatu的澳大利亚披头士乐队被传是披着假名的“四人组”(他们不是,尽管他们的经纪人和唱片公司助长了这一谣言),以及《周六夜现场》(Saturday Night Live)的制作人洛恩·迈克尔斯(Lorne Michaels)半认真地出价3000美元让披头士在他的节目上表演。尽管披头士四名成员都为1973年的指环·斯塔尔歌曲《我是最伟大的》做出了贡献,但他们从未真正重聚过。1980年12月8日,疯狂的粉丝马克·大卫·查普曼在约翰·列侬纽约的公寓外开枪打死了他,这一切都结束了。尽管甲壳虫乐队自1970年以来没有发行过任何新专辑,但人们对该乐队的兴趣一直保持到90年代,他们的库存专辑每年卖出数百万张,为Capitol提供了他们年收入的很大一部分。上世纪80年代,列侬和麦卡特尼的所有作品的出版权都以数亿美元的价格出售,有一次还被迈克尔·杰克逊(Michael Jackson)买走。

虽然国会大厦发布单打/外出的汇编,如过去的硕士和追求,由于持续的法律问题,在非法盗版中最终不可用了更多未发行的材料。到了90年代初的保罗,乔治,林诺和横奥诺定居了他们对合同的分歧,允许重新发布长期无法使用的录音。1994年国会大厦发布了BBC的早期披头士乐队的双CD。在BBC的生活现象销售启发了对披头士乐队遗产的更具利用。1995年,幸存的甲壳虫乐队聚集在一起,促进电视纪录片关于本集团的纪录片,并为计划追求的计划进行追求和演示选择材料。虽然在一起,保罗,乔治和林戈为两个约翰列侬演示而放下音乐,“像鸟儿一样自由”和“真爱”。Though the sound quality was often abysmal, the material inferior, and the surrounding hype insulting, America’s aging Beatles’ fans ate up the three 1996 double-album releases, Beatles Anthology 1, 2, and 3, which sold over 15 million copies in less than a year. Capitol once again insists that there is no more Beatles material that will be released. Even though one of the Fab Four has broken up, they live on, almost vividly, in the hearts of the youth in the world. Nothing before or since the Beatles has affected people in such a huge way. Forty years ago, four young lads from Liverpool, England got together and grew and grew until they were bigger than anything that’s ever been seen in the music industry

引用这篇文章如下:威廉·安德森(学校工作助手编辑团队),“披头士:传记,乐队,历史,音乐”学校努力,2019年,//www.chadjarvis.com/the-beatles-biography-band-history-music/

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